Then came the era of computer information, cybernetic systems and the cognitive revolution, George Miller and his colleagues. Many well-known bihevioristy (for example, Edward Tolman) began increasingly argue in favor of the existence of an intermediate variable between the stimulus and response. In the article "Cognitive maps in rats and humans *, published in Psychological Review, Tolman (Tolman, 1948) wrote the following:
"[The brain] is much more similar to the control card than in the old telephone exchange. The input stimuli are connected with outgoing reactions are not simply on the principle of "one to one". Instead, the input signals are usually processed and processed in the central control room in time, cognitive map of the environment. This is a temporary map showing routes, road and communications with the environment, which ultimately determine the final response of the animal (subject to availability of these reactions) ".
Classic response Homskogo Noam (Chomsky, 1956) Skinner at the source and nature of "language" in the minds of people and caused a fatal blow to behaviourism. Then came the book Miller, haberdashery and Pribrana "Plans and the structure of conduct" (Miller, Galanter & Pribram, 1960).
They went beyond the simple model bihevioristskoy "stimulus - reaction" and reflex arcs, and used their newly developed model TOTE. This model describes the flow chart of subjective human experience of the stimulus to domestic "treatment" checking in terms of human motivation in comparison with internal models (plans, expectations, thoughts, ideas, paradigms), or over stimulated or over the map for change checking congruence or lack of it and quit the program.
And the model "stimulus - reaction", and the TOTE model describing the process of modeling. It begins with a stimulus in a current state and follows the process of obtaining a new, improved response, resulting in a more desirable human condition.
So:
And the model "stimulus - reaction", and the TOTE model describing the process of modeling.
By including the feedback and results, the model improved the model TOTE reflex arc "stimulus - reaction".
She also suggested a format that can be used stimulus sequences internal processing. Verification is one of those conditions to be met by action to ensure that the reaction occurred. To pass the inspection system under feedback alters several aspects of the stimulus or the internal condition of man. Dilts to illustrate the work of colleagues TOTE example radio settings. "When you are setting the volume of the radio or tape recorder, you are constantly checking the sound volume, while listening to it. If the sound is too quiet, you will act in turning the knob clockwise. If you overuse, and the sound is too loud, you turn the handle counter-clockwise direction, thereby reducing the volume. When you set the amplifier to a suitable volume, you get out of the TOTE "Configuring volume" sit in comfortable chairs, and continue reading ".
Dilts and his colleagues consider the information in accordance with the method of measuring the amount of information, developed by Norbert Wiener and Claude Shannon. Then they discuss the notion of "governance" and write the information as "a set of instructions", control reactions or behavior.
TOTE model assumes that we can achieve perfect behavior, if we:
1) hold in the minds of the future goal
2) have sensory and behavioral evidence to achieve the goal;
3) Have a set of actions, procedures, or options to achieve the goal.
Imagine that you are looking for a specific theme in the book. You apply to the index and find it. When you take turns watching each link, we can say that your behavior is controlled by the list of numbers, and the management is transferred from one number to the next. The transfer of control can be described, to draw arrows from one room to another page, but in this case, the arrow will mean something quite different from the above two values ".
Actions at the stage of verification could lead to the congruence or incongruence. If the incongruence is found, the process returns to audit. If the congruence is found, it leads to the exit. This model shows that to achieve a new state of the result, it is important to the continued application of resources in this state. Success comes as a result of repeated comparison of the current state to the desired results, as well as access to resources and their use until a congruence of the two states.HYPNOSIS
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