Feedback.
People sitting in any action as participants increasingly changing their views in favor of the views of the recommended scenario than passive observers of events. This set numerous psychological experiments. The illusion of participation in the debate on a topical issue leads to more changes of opinions and attitudes, rather than merely a passive perception of information. To ensure that the audience does not feel the impact of one-sided and complex "vacancy recipient", modern mass media is widely practiced methods, the so-called, "Feedback" in various forms: call the studio during the live broadcast, the choice to answer the phone to the This issue and others "make-up" to create a mass audience the illusion of participation in the information process.
If you ever tried to get into the studio during the broadcast to ask the participants, you know, before the "release" you on the air controlling Editor essence necessarily ask questions. You will be admitted only if you set the issue in line with the overall editorial policy of the channel. If you suddenly start to say it is not something you instantly "cut" of ether in half - verified in practice.
Psevdosotsiologicheskie polls (which at the time of broadcast, viewers voted by phone for a response) are most often the only way to influence public opinion, not the real reflection, that is kind of the usual propaganda manipulation. Questions are formulated in such a way as to give the audience "correct" look at this or that problem. They direct the course of our thinking in a particular direction. "Do not ask a question to which you can not get a reply, you need", - the main principle of such inquiries. In these cases, the formulation of the problem in terms of "the benefits of winning something" would be more convincing against the background of contrasting statements about the same in terms of "loss, the loss of something". A simple example of a few caricatured as follows:
Question: "How do you want to see the location of your country in the world today?"
Answers:
A) I want my country became a contributor to commodity resources for highly States and a source of cheap labor for transnational corporations.
B) I want my country turned into a site for chemical and nuclear waste from around the world.
B) I want my country has become a powerful state with a developed economy and high living standards.
Guess with three attempts, which will choose the answer most people call in? In this vein, built nearly all "interactive telephone interviews".
Organizers of public opinion surveys has long been known that barely noticeable change in the language led to widely varying responses. Practical Yankee in his time, even held a special study on this topic. Psychologists B. Lockerbie and S. Borelli installed, for example, that the percentage of Americans who supported the provision of assistance to the contras (anti-forces) in Nicaragua, for the period from 1983 to 1986 ranged from 13% to 42% depending on how the issue. If the issue openly mentioned Ronald Reagan and the contras, or ideological labels used to define the opposing forces in Nicaragua, assistance with a wide range of Americans. If the issue was cited as expressed in dollars or the amount of assistance from both sides of the problem, to provide assistance to rebel contras wished much smaller number of Americans.
A brilliant example of manipulation of this kind was carried out one of Moscow radio station in the late 1990's, after the often-repeated reports of difficulties with gasoline in St. Petersburg asked his listeners a question: "Do I need to supply fuel to Yugoslavia?" This was no mention of the views of professional experts on the causes of difficulties with fuel and information about the loss of export revenues in Russia in the event of disruption of Yugoslavia. As a result, 75% of callers to the station, gave a negative response.
In cases where the view is dominated by disadvantage communicator, problem "Feedback" is limited to correction, changing the minds of the masses. Demonstration of adulterated the results of telephone interviews, "filtering" call to the studio, the organization of "public opinion" proxy people "street", etc. designed to a person who has a different view, to form attitudes "white crow" - is the other, and most of them think otherwise. Sometimes disagreement and dissent deliberately or accidentally excluded, for example, express indignant phone call or published protest. This point is very outplay, emphasizing the merits of the source, who "objective" shows the whole spectrum of opinions and viewpoints on various issues.
Variety of feedback is called Engineering mock events. First of all, it includes a variety of options for senior people with "the people". "Community" may be direct (answers to questions posed to citizens by telephone, intimate conversations with "bystanders" on the street, etc.) and indirect (press conferences, briefings for the media, answering questions from journalists and the tons . Clause). More often than not, the so-called communication with people is just good rehearse a performance. We know, for example, that French President de Gaulle was not for his entire life no matter at press conferences, which have not been previously available. U.S. President during his press conferences to answer questions that previously provided to journalists, the press service of the White House. In general, the consultants of any political leader is always prepared by his boss to the expected issues, losing the possible answers. During the Lewinsky scandal with M. U.S. President B. Clinton specially made to let the steam rehearsals at the press conference that in the real context, he looked calm and confident. With regard to Yeltsin, a former employee of his press service D. Shevchenko emphasizes the following: "All of the questions at press conferences have been previously agreed with Yeltsin. He knew even the exact distribution of correspondents in the front row - Kostikov each plot president copperplate layout ".
The corresponding program are organized in such a way as if the head of state (or other senior staff) are spontaneously responding to the questions raised by citizens over the telephone or via the Internet. The best impromptu - is pre-prepared impromptu. This old saying recollected itself, when there is another guarantor of the Constitution with an unattainable for mere mortals boykostyu and the connection of speech is very good answers to a few tens of very sensitive issues, coming in a short time. In fact, he gives carefully rehearse answers, specially trained his team. Questions are usually selected based on the results of sociological research. They should reflect the current social concerns of the broad masses of people, or build a favorable image of the officer. More people watching regular TV on "The Head of State is responsible for matters of ordinary citizens live" with subsequent demonstration of Acclaim "ordinary people in the street" ( "Oh, I do not even suggest how democratic our president - a simple and accessible, open to dialogue, to talk to them and everyone can! ", etc.).
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